Tag Archives: allergens

Undeclared Allergens Continue to Serve as a Primary Factor in Product Recalls

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In the fourth quarter of 2014, undeclared allergens accounted for 50 percent of all FDA food-related recalled units and 83 percent of USDA recalled units.

In the past few months, retailers pulled hundreds of products from shelves after a spice supplier found traces of peanut proteins in their cumin spice – an ingredient that dozens of manufacturers use in products across the country.

Stericycle-Recall-March-2015

Ramifications from the recall, which began in December, still occur daily; over two months after the spice supplier first identified the issue. To some the recall may seem miniscule, however, to the nearly 15 million Americans the CDC says has food allergies, undeclared allergens can be a life-threatening scare.

Despite increasing regulations and industry scrutiny, undeclared allergens continue to serve as a primary cause of food recalls in the U.S. According to the latest Stericycle Recall Index, in the fourth quarter of 2014, undeclared allergens accounted for 50 percent of all FDA food-related recalled units and 83 percent of USDA recalled units.

According to FDA, the most common foods involved in food allergen recalls are bakery products, snack foods, candy, dairy products and dressings. The FDA also identifies the most common allergens causing the recalls as milk, wheat and soy.

Undeclared allergen recalls are often a result of a simple manufacturing operational error, such as mislabeling, mis-packaging or unintentional cross-contamination. In the U.S., manufacturers of FDA regulated foods are required to identify major food allergens on the label; if mistakes occur in manufacturing, companies may be subject to a product recall.

As recent recalls show, the more complex the supply chain, the more complex product recalls become. Globalization of the supply chain also complicates recalls, especially when regulatory agencies from multiple countries have different recall mandates. The Stericycle Recall Index highlights some of these unique challenges in the global supply chain, including accessibility to remote areas.

Companies with proactive recall strategies in place can navigate their supply chain with ease when a supplier or an undeclared allergen issue arises. Having these processes identified prior to an event can save valuable time, money and help a company maintain regulatory compliance, while also concentrating on future growth.

Click here to access the report.

Mitigate Food Contamination Risk

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Whether mycotoxins or microbiological values, heavy metals or pesticides – independent sampling and testing provide an objective and comprehensive overview of what food products contain and help comply with food safety regulations.

Nuts containing mould, frozen strawberries contaminated with hepatitis pathogens, and pesticide-laden vegetables – more than 3,000 products were objected by EU authorities in 2013. With increasing government, industry and consumer concerns about the hazards of food contaminants, and the risks they pose, food manufacturers, governments and non-governmental agencies, are implementing policies and processes to monitor and reduce contaminants.

Key food contaminants

Food contaminants cover a wide range of potential substances including:

  • Dioxins: Produced as unintentional by-products of industrial processes such as waste incineration, chemical manufacturing and paper bleaching, dioxins can be found in the air, in water and contaminated soil.
  • Allergens: Virtually all of the known food allergens are proteins that can subsist in large quantities and often survive food processing.
  • Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Banned in a number of countries, controversy still exists with regard to the use of GMOs. Selling food and/or feed that is non-GMO in restricted markets places the burden of proof on the supply chain.
  • Heavy metals: Whilst heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), can be found in nature, industrial and environmental pollutants have resulted in their increased presence in food and feed.
  • Hormones: Commonly used in animal husbandry to promote growth, hormone residues can be found in the food supply.
  • Melamine: Harmful to animal and human health, melamine is not a permitted food additive.
  • Mycotoxins: Produced by several strains of fungi found on food and feed products, mycotoxins are often invisible, tasteless, and chemically stable both at high temperatures and during long periods of storage.
  • Pesticide residues: Over-use of pesticides can lead to dangerous levels of hazardous chemicals entering the food chain with fresh fruit and vegetables being most susceptible to pesticide residues.
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Used in many products, some PCBs are toxic and stable enough to resist breaking down even when released into the environment.
  • Radiation contamination: There are three ways that foodstuffs can become contaminated by radiation: surface, ground and water contamination.
  • Veterinary drug residues: Used in the treatment of animals, veterinary drugs can leave residues in animals subsequently sent into the food chain. The impact of contaminants varies. Depending on their toxicity and the level of contamination their effects can range from causing skin allergies, to more serious illnesses (including cancers and neurological impairments) and, in the most extreme cases, death.

To ensure that your food and feed products are fit for consumption, you need to test for specific contaminants throughout the value chain. For example, in concentrated levels, melamine, antibiotics and hormones can be harmful to animals and humans. Only thorough contaminant testing will determine if the above-mentioned impurities, among others, are present. After identification the relevant goods can be eliminated from the production and distribution chain.

Maximum levels and regulations

In order to protect consumers, maximum levels permitted in food products have been set by food safety legislation in many countries. Disappointingly, and despite efforts in some product areas, maximum levels are rarely harmonized across national borders. This inconsistency places responsibility for compliance firmly with the food supply chain. A comprehensive testing program can verify that your products meet maximum levels and the safety standards they represent.

In the European Union (EU), it is the food business operator who carries primary responsibility for food safety and the General Food Law Regulation (EC) 178/20022 is the primary EC legislation on general food safety. More specific directives and regulations compliment this, for example, EU regulations concerning non-GMO/GMO products, include Directive 2001/18/EC and regulations 1829/2003 and 1830/2003.

The U.S. Food and Drugs Administration has overseen the development and signing into law of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Within the U.S., state regulators retain the right to apply additional regulations and laws. As result, rules regarding maximum levels, for example, vary from state to state.

In China, the Food Safety Law (FSL) was passed into law by the Chinese government in 2009. It introduced enhanced provision for monitoring and supervision, improved safety standards, recalls for substandard products and dealing with compliance failures.

Brazil’s food safety agency, Anvisa, coordinates, supervises and controls activities to assure health surveillance over food, beverages, water, ingredients, packages, contamination limits, and veterinary residues for import. No specific restrictions have been established yet for export.

Monitoring

Monitoring programs are frequently used to identify any contamination issues. From seeds, through the growing process and harvest, transportation, collection, storing and processing to the market channel, independent monitoring delivers credible and independently collected data on both quality and contaminants.

With so many policies and standards, both nationally and internationally, anyone involved in the food industry needs to be sure of accurate and up-to date information on food contaminant regulations. Whether mycotoxins or microbiological values, heavy metals or pesticides – independent sampling and testing provide an objective and comprehensive overview of what grain and food products contain.

For more information, please visit: www.SGS.com/foodsafety.

How can Food Safety Management Systems Improve Compliance and Reduce Risk?

By Food Safety Tech Staff
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LeAnn Chuboff, Senior Technical Director, SQFI, talks about using data within the food safety management system to prioritize and address food safety risks within the organization.

Food safety regulations are driving organizations to seek more methods of enhancing visibility into their quality and safety operations to increase compliance and reduce risk. As this need evolves, the tools inherent in the Food Safety Management System are crucial in helping an organization take a proactive approach to preventing food safety risks.  

LeAnn Chuboff, Senior Technical Director, SQFIWhat lessons can you learn by looking at and analyzing your non-conformance reports and how can you use these to better your food safety management programs?

LeAnn Chuboff, Senior Technical Director, SQFI, talked about using data within the food safety management system to prioritize food safety risks within your organization.

Speaking recently on the topic of How can Food Safety Management Systems Improve Compliance and Reduce Risk, Chuboff discussed the example of SQF analyzing a year’s worth of audit reports and non-conformances. Below are some excerpts. 

“We asked ourselves the following questions: What area has the greatest impact to food safety – is this impact overall, major, minor or critical? What is one of the main reasons for recalls? What is the top major or critical non-conformances? And what is the frequently missed element? And we identified allergen management as the top area.”

Chuboff listed the key requirements for an allergen management program:

  • The facility needs to have an allergen management program in place;
  • The program should have cleaning and validation requirements in place;
  • There should be a register of list of allergens maintained;
  • And the allergen management program should be thoroughly addressed in the facility’s food safety plan.

On further analysis, SQF found that 84 percent of the facilities were missing an allergen program; 13 percent of the non-conformances were due to improper storage of the food products; the next issue was that facilities have improper labeling in place – 2 percent of non-conformances were due to labeling issues. And another problem was inadequately addressing rework. 

So what can a supplier do in terms of corrective actions to address these non-conformances: 

  • Conduct validation study for SSOPs (validate it, test it, revalidate it) – if you don’t have in-house expertise, bring them in from outside; 
  • Identify ingredients as allergens at receiving, in process and rework – do a complete reassessment of the labeling program; 
  • Establish label inspection program at receipt and in packaging – work with raw material suppliers to ascertain that the labels are clearly specified, taking into account requirements of both the country that it’s produced in and the country it’s being shipped to; 
  • Include allergens in the facility’s HACCP plan; and  
  • Have a strong internal audit program – this will help you engage your employees, identify problems, and address them successfully. 

What can auditors and scheme owners do? 

  • Support additional research for effective allergen control;  
  • Training and guidance for auditors and suppliers is needed for this sensitive area; and 
  • Work on providing stronger GFSI guidance? 

In summary, Chuboff added that companies need to gather the right data, use the data available to identify areas of opportunity and establish KPIs; conduct a root cause analysis and use the tools available and work with all members on the team to develop a solution; avoid settling on simple solutions and immediate corrections and instead plan to get to the root; establish a preventive action plan for long-term control; and finally, repeat all the above! 

To listen to Leann Chuboff talk more on this topic, click here.